April 2024

How do you prove that the property you possess is indeed yours? Many people believe that having a tax declaration is more than enough proof, and that it has the same weight as a land title. This, however, is certainly not the case. What is the difference between the two? And do you truly own your property, or are you simply in possession of it? Here’s what you need to know.  But first: what is the difference between possession and ownership? Before we can discuss what a tax declaration and what a land title is, we must first clarify the definitions of the terms possession and ownership. These two terms highlight one of the core differences between the two documents – namely, how much authority each document provides. Legally speaking, possession and ownership have very different definitions, even if our everyday language frequently mixes them up together. When someone is in possession of a property, he or she is in a de facto relationship with it. This means that the relationship is based on the control that the person has over the property. It is not defined by the legal recognition of who actually owns the property; just because a person possesses a property does not mean that he or she is its legal owner. Because he/she does not truly own the property, he/she does not have the rights to do anything beyond using it for its intended use. He/she cannot sell, dispose, or destroy it. For example, someone can lease a vehicle, which grants him or her the right to use it. He/she is thus in possession of the vehicle. However, he/she is not the legal owner. Refusing to pay the due monthly payments may lead to the actual owners repossessing the vehicle. Meanwhile, ownership is a legal acknowledgment of the owner’s rights. As the true owner of the property, he/she is free to do anything to the property. He/she could also be in possession of it, granting him/her physical control over it. He/she can also allow another person to occupy it, use it, sell it, give it away, or destroy it. For example, say someone has ownership of a vehicle. As the true owner of the vehicle, he/she can do anything he/she wants to do with it. He/she can possess and use it, lease it to someone else, give it away, or destroy it. No one will be able to take the vehicle away from the owner, either. What is the difference between a tax declaration and a land title?  Now that we know the definitions of possession and ownership, we can properly distinguish the difference between a tax declaration and a land title.  A land title serves as proof of the right of ownership to a property and is the most indisputable way to prove such. Whoever’s name is written on the land title is considered the official owner of the land. It must be registered with the Register of Deeds of whichever municipality, city, or province where the land is located.  On the other hand, a tax declaration shows the assessed value of the property on which the real property tax is based on. It also serves as proof that the one currently in possession of the land is complying with his/her tax obligations. Because of this, the tax declaration also serves as sufficient proof that the person named therein has a claim over the property. However, this does not mean that it’s sufficient proof of ownership.  Someone who has a tax declaration of a property but not a land title does not have true ownership on said property. However, it does prove your rights to possess it. If there is no land title attached to a property, a holder of a tax declaration may have a shot at claiming ownership.

We are living in the golden age of communication. Long-distance relationships and friendships are as easy as ever. Even seeing your loved ones’ faces is as easy as clicking a button whenever and wherever you want. However, these technological advances also come with their fair share of dangers. The possibility of someone taking photos and videos of you without your consent is unfortunately yet constantly present. Such repulsive acts are often the cause of various sex scandals. Republic Act No. 9995, or the “Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009”, aims to deter people from committing the said acts. It also aims to punish people who have already committed the same. This article aims to break down R.A. No. 9995 for your ease of understanding. The Basics The Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 defines the parameters of photo or video voyeurism, prescribes the penalties for any perpetrators, and defines any exemptions and clauses included in the law. In the context of this Act, “photo or video voyeurism” is the act of taking photos or videos of anyone performing a sexual act or of their private areas without their consent. The person/s must have a reasonable expectation of privacy during the moment of capture, meaning that they have reason to believe that they did not have to be concerned about anyone taking photos or videos of them. Prohibited Acts Section 4 of R.A. No. 9995 clarifies which acts are prohibited and declared unlawful for any person: Note that these prohibitions do not apply if the person in the material had given his/her consent to create or distribute the photos, videos, or recordings. Penalties Anyone guilty perpetrators of the prohibited acts listed above must serve at least three (3) years but not more than seven (7) years of imprisonment, or pay a fine of at least One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P500,000.00), or both, at the discretion of the court. If the violator is a juridical person, such as a corporation or agency, its license or franchise shall be revoked. If a public officer, employee, or professional is guilty, he or she shall be administratively liable.  Exemptions There is only one situation in which a person does not have to face the consequences of this law. If the court has authorized a police officer to use the record or any copy thereof as evidence in any civil, criminal investigation or trial of the crime of photo or video voyeurism, then the court will not consider him or her guilty of committing the prohibited acts written in this law.  However, this is exception only applies if the written order is issued or granted upon written application and the examination under oath or affirmation of the applicant and the witnesses/he or she may produce, and upon showing that there are reasonable grounds to believe that photo or video voyeurism has been committed or is about to be committed, and that the evidence to be obtained is essential to the conviction of any person for, or the solution or prevention of such, crime.

Republic Act No. 11976, also known as the Ease of Paying Taxes Act, is now effective as of January 22nd, 2024. This Act aims to improve efficiency in the tax administration system by providing solutions that will encourage taxpayers into complying with their tax obligations. Here are the highlights so that you can fully inform yourself on the improvements made to tax administration. The implementing rules and regulations of this Act will be released within 90 days from effectivity of the law, so we should be able to review them before April 21st, 2024. idn live toto slot slot gacor slot server thailand

The articles of incorporation is one of the most important documents that you must create and submit to the SEC when creating a corporation. But what is it? How do you create one? And can you amend your Articles of Incorporation later on? Here’s what you need to know. slot gacor gampang menang What are articles of incorporation? The articles of incorporation is a set of documents that you must file with the SEC, or the Securities and Exchange Commission, to legally create a corporation. Once you have submitted it and all other requirements to the SEC, the SEC will issue the Certificate of Incorporation that serves as proof of the corporation’s existence as an artificial person created by law. sbobet slot gacor 4d data macau toto macau panel idn agen toto togel link gacor toto togel idn togel gacor4d login slot gacor hari ini slot gacor maxwin The articles of incorporation contain all of the basic yet necessary information regarding the corporation. This includes: How can you amend the articles of incorporation? Any part of the articles of incorporation may be amended if it is agreed upon by a majority vote of the board of directors or trustees. It will also require the vote or written assent of the stockholders representing at least two-thirds (⅔) of the outstanding capital stock. This is in accordance with Section 15 of the revised Corporation Code. In order to make the amendments official and recognized, you must first submit the following requirements to the SEC: When preparing the amended articles of incorporation, one should include both the original and amended versions and underscore the changes made, followed by the date of the meeting approving said changes. The amendments shall only take effect once the Securities and Exchange Commission has given the corporation its approval. Said amendments can also take effect if it has been at least six (6) months since the date of filing and the Commission has not yet acted for a cause not attributable to the corporation.  Can articles of incorporation or amendment be disapproved? The SEC may disapprove articles of incorporation or any amendments made if it does not comply with the requirements of the Corporation Code. However, the SEC must tell the incorporators, directors, trustees, or officers the reason for disapproval. They must also give them ample time to modify the objectionable portions of the articles or amendments.  The following are grounds for disapproval of articles or amendment: